Multiplex Serology

Reading the antibody record of health and disease

Antibodies are a durable molecular record of everything the immune system has met. Multiplex serology reads that record at scale. From one low-volume blood sample, ImmunoINSIGHTS™ 2K measures thousands of antibody and autoantibody reactivities at once: against viruses, bacteria, yeast and fungi, allergens, the microbiome, tumor antigens, and the body’s own proteins. Applied across thousands of samples, it connects this variation to disease across five areas of immune profiling.

A first of its kind.  Alden Scientific Immune is the first to read self-directed, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor antibody reactivities together, systematically, on one standardized iI2K array across thousands of samples.

Antibodies circulate in blood and body fluids as classes with distinct jobs: IgG carries long-lived systemic protection and memory, IgA guards mucosal surfaces, IgM leads the early response, and IgE drives allergic reactions. The same machinery that protects can also harm, reacting to harmless antigens in allergy or to self in autoimmunity. A distinct layer of natural IgM antibodies clears apoptotic cells and misfolded proteins through complement, and related anti-band-3 antibodies flag aged red blood cells for removal. Antibodies are stable analytes, measurable from very small sample volumes, making profiling at this scale practical.

Every encounter with the environment leaves an imprint. The pathogens we meet, the microbes that colonize us, and the allergens we are exposed to continuously shape the antibody repertoire, and that shaping can tip self-tolerance toward autoimmunity. The clearest example is Epstein-Barr virus: in a study of more than ten million people, multiple-sclerosis risk rose roughly 32-fold after EBV infection, and EBV is also implicated in Sjögren’s disease, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Through the ARPA-H EVIDENT, program we are investigating how the immune system is disturbed in neurological and other disorders, using the standardized iI2K array to profile thousands of samples and surface hidden links and early biomarkers of immune disturbance.

References 

  1. Kaveri et al., J Immunol 2012, doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1102107 (natural IgM)
  2. Pantaleo et al., Autoimmun Rev 2008, doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2008.03.017 (anti-band-3 / RBC clearance)
  3. Bjornevik et al., Science 2022, doi:10.1126/science.abj8222 (EBV and MS) 
  4. Borghol et al., Crit Rev Microbiol 2024, doi:10.1080/1040841X.2024.2344114 (EBV and autoimmunity)

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